Dr Rosie: Meningitis

Dr Rosie: Understanding Meningitis B

Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by bacteria or viruses, and while many of us can carry the bacteria harmlessly in our nose and throat, in some cases it can invade the body and cause serious, even life-threatening illness.

One of the main bacterial types is Meningitis B (often called MenB), which is currently in the news because of an outbreak in Kent. MenB is a serious form of meningococcal disease that can develop quickly and needs urgent treatment with antibiotics.

Who is most at risk?

Meningitis can affect anyone, but some groups are more at risk than others. Babies, young children, teenagers and young adults are particularly vulnerable, which is why public health teams pay close attention to cases in schools, colleges and universities.

People with weakened immune systems, certain long-term health conditions or no spleen can also be at higher risk of severe infection. Close contacts of someone with meningococcal disease may be offered antibiotics or vaccines, depending on public health advice, to help reduce the risk of further spread.

Symptoms to watch for

Meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia (blood poisoning caused by the same bacteria) can develop very quickly, so recognising the signs early is vital. Symptoms can begin like a bad flu but rapidly get worse.

Key symptoms can include:

• Sudden high fever
• Severe headache
• Stiff neck
• Sensitivity to bright light
• Feeling confused, drowsy or difficult to wake
• Vomiting or diarrhoea
• Cold hands and feet, muscle or joint pain, and extreme tiredness

A rash that does not fade when pressed is a late and very serious sign of septicaemia and needs emergency medical help.

The “glass test” for septicaemia

In this week’s update, Dr Rosie highlights the importance of the “glass test” – a simple check that everyone should know. If you notice a rash or tiny red or purple spots on the skin, press the side of a clear glass firmly against it.

If the rash fades under pressure, it is less likely to be a meningococcal septicaemia rash; if it stays clearly visible through the glass, this is a “non-blanching” rash and could be a sign of blood poisoning. A non-fading rash with any of the symptoms above is an emergency – call 999 or go straight to A&E.

When to seek help

Do not wait for all the symptoms to appear, or for a rash to develop. If you, your child or someone you’re with is becoming rapidly more unwell, especially with fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, confusion or a worrying rash, seek urgent medical advice.

If you are ever unsure, contact your GP, NHS 111 or emergency services. Prompt treatment saves lives, and it is always better to get checked than to wait and see.